Institucional Revista Notícias Contato Acesso Associado

Revista Eletrônica de Potência (Brazilian Journal of Power Electronics)

About
Issues
Early Access
History
Submission
Editorial policy
Guidelines for Publication
Issue: Volume 25 - number 1
Publishing Date: março 2020
Editor-in-Chief: Demercil de Souza Oliveira Júnior
Editor Affiliation: UFC
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION FOR HIGH FREQUENCY HIGH VOLTAGE POWER TRANSFORMERS
Diego Teruo Mendes de Souza, Bruno Valverde, José Antenor Pomilio
125-134
http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/REP.2020.1.0045
English Data

Title: OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION FOR HIGH FREQUENCY HIGH VOLTAGE POWER TRANSFORMERS

Keywords: High Frequency High Voltage Transformer, Overvoltage Protection, Parasitic Elements, Resonance Excitation

Abstract

Transformers with high-voltage operation may have undesired behavior due to the effects of their parasitic elements. In power electronics applications, if
the primary voltage has harmonics, transformer resonances may be excited, causing high primary currents and secondary voltage stress, compromising the device isolation.
This behavior is quite dangerous if the transformer operates without load, what means, without damping, because in this situation, the secondary voltage peak can reach
more than two times the expected (rated) value. To protect the high frequency high voltage transformer against this dangerous operation, the overvoltage problem in
open load condition is carefully explored and explained in this paper, with the proposition of different protection strategies to mitigate its effect, depending on the
transformer parasitic elements values. The different strategies are analytically explained and validated by experimental results, showing their criteria design and
effectiveness for the protection of high frequency high voltage transformers through the analysis of a 1 kVA, 311V, 20 kHz, 42/512 ferrite core transformer, showing its
dynamics working alone and with each protection strategy.

References

[1] L. A. F. d. Oliveira, Study of High Frequency Transformer Models (in Portuguese), Belo Horizonte, MG: UFMG, 2011.

[2] C. W. T. McLyman, Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, 3 ed., New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 2004.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203913598

[3] R. Petrov, “Optimum Design of High-Power, High-Frequency Transformer,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 33-42, January 1996.
Doi: 10.1109/63.484414

[4] A. R. A. Razak and S. Tajb, “Design considerations of a high frequency power transformer,” in National Power Engineering Conference (PECon), Bangi, 2003.
Doi: 10.1109/PECON.2003.1437451

[5] J. A. Pomilio, O. Bet and M. P. Vieira, “High-Voltage Resonant Converter with Extreme Load Variation: Design, Criteria and Applications,” International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1764-1769, 2014.
Doi: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1097387

[6] H. Y. Lu, J. G. Zhu, V. S. Ramsden and S. Y. R. Hui, “Measurement and Modeling of Stray Capacitances in High Frequency Transformers,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 763-768, 1 July 1999.
Doi: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785596

[7] H. Y. Lu, J. G. Zhu and S. Y. R. Hui, “Experimental Determination of Stray Capacitances in High Frequency Transformers,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1105-1112, September 2003.
Doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2003.816186

[8] G. S. Sperandio and J. A. Pomilio, “High-efficiency, high-frequency inverter for silent discharge load,” in Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, Blumenau, 2007.

[9] D. Tardivo and J. A. Pomilio, “Resonant High-voltage supply for multiple paralleled loads with parameter equalization,” in Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, Natal, 2011.
Doi: 10.1109/COBEP.2011.6085213

[10] W. Shen, Design of High-Density Transformers for High-Frequency High-Power Converters, Blacksburg, Vrginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University, 2006.

[11] W. Shen, F. Wang, D. Boroyevich and C. W. Tipton, “High power density nanocrystalline core transformer design for resonant converter systems,” 40th Industry Applications Conf., vol. 3, pp. 2216-2222, 2005.
Doi: 10.1109/IAS.2005.1518756

[12] M. A. Perez, C. Blanco, M. Rico and F. Linera, “A New Topology for High Voltage High Frequency Transformers,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, vol. 2, pp. 554-559, 1995.
Doi: 10.1109/APEC.1995.469076

[13] M. Biberoglu, T. N. Gücin and B. Fincan, “Analyzing the influences of high frequency transformeres utilized in parrallel resonant converters,” IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, pp. 983-988, 2016.
Doi: 10.1109/ICRERA.2016.7884482

[14] A. Atalla, M. Agamy, M. Dame, L. Hao, G. Mandrisiak and Y. Pan, “Advancements in high power high frequency transformer design for resonant converter circuits,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, pp. 1-8, 2016.
Doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2016.7854833

[15] O. Patterson and D. Divan, “Pseudo-Resonant Converter Technologies,” in IEEE 18th Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Blacksburg, 1988.

[16] A. Mizuno, A. Nagura, T. Miyamoto, A. Chakrabarti, T. Sato, K. Kimura, T. Kimura and M. Kobayashi, “A portable weed control device using high frequency AC voltage,” IEEE Industry Applications Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2000-2003, 1993.
Doi: 10.1109/IAS.1993.299136

[17] S. Mao, J. Popovic and J. A. Ferreira, “An Investigation into High Frequency High Voltage Planar Transformer for High Voltage Generator Applications,” IEEE International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems, pp. 1-6, 2016.

[18] Y. A. Wang and D. M. Xiao, “Prototype design for a high-voltage high-frequency rectifier transformer power use,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 615-623, 2011.
Doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2009.0284

[19] J. Baizan, A. Navarro-Crespin, R. Casanueva, F. J. Azcondo, C. Brafias and F. J. Diaz, “Converter with four quadrant switches for EDM Applications,” IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2013.
Doi: 10.1109/TIA.2014.2311501

[20] R. Casanueva, C. Brañas, F. J. Azcondo and S. Bracho, “Resonant converters: properties and applications for variable loads,” 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2005.

[21] S. de Andrade Coutinho Filho, J. A. Pomilio, B. Valverde and D. Teruo Mendes de Souza, “Weed Inactivation Device”. Patent WO/2019/102243, 2019.

[22] D. T. M. Souza, B. Valverde and J. A. Pomilio, “Overvoltage protection procedures for high frequency high voltage transformers,” in 14th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP), Juíz de Fora, 2017.
Doi: 10.1109/COBEP.2017.8257279

[23] F. D. Leon and A. Semlyen, “Efficient calculation of elementary parameters of transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 376-383, 1992.
Doi: 10.1109/61.108931

[24] M. M. Kane and S. V. Kulkarni, “MTL-Based analysis to distinguish high-frequency behavior of interleaved windings in power transformers,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2291-2299, 2013.
Doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2268982

[25] H. Y. Lu, J. G. Zhu and S. Y. R.Hui, “Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high-frequency transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1105-1112, 2003.
Doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2003.816186

[26] J. Bielar and J. W. Kolar, “Using transformer parasitics for resonant converters-a review of the stray capacitance of transformers,” IEEE 40th Industry Applications Conference, vol. 3, pp. 1868-1875, 2005.
Doi: 10.1109/IAS.2005.1518701

[27] B. Cogitore, J. P. Keradec and J. Barbaroux, “The two-winding transformer: experimental method to obtain a wide frequency equivalent circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 364-371, 1994.
Doi: 10.1109/19.293449

[28] D. T. M. Souza and J. A. Pomilio, “Comparison between lumped models for high-voltage high-frequency transformers,” in 13th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON), São Paulo, 2018.
Doi:  10.1109/INDUSCON.2018.8627252

[29] P. Mayer, P. Germano and Y. Perriard, “FEM modeling of skin and proximity effects for coreless transformers,” IEEE 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), pp. 1-6, 2012.

[30] A. Roßkopf, E. Bär and C. Joffe, “Influence of Inner Skin and proximity Effects on Conduction Litz Wires,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 5454-5461, 2014.
Doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2293847

[31] C. R. Sullivan and R. Y. Zhang, “Simplified Design Method for Litz Wire,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 2667-2674, 2014.
Doi: 10.1109/APEC.2014.6803681

[32] S. A. D. Contreras, Study of the Application of Intercellular Transformers in Voltage Inverters (in Portuguese), Belo Horizonte, MG: UFMG, 2014.

[33] N. Shafiei, M. Pahlevaninezhad, H. Farzanehfard, A. Bakhshai and P. Jain, “Analysis of a Fifth-Order Resonant Converter for High-Voltage DC Power Supplies,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.28, N.1, pp. 85-100, Janeiro 2013.
Doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2200301

[34] G. L. Piazza, R. L. Alves, C. H. I. Font and I. Barbi, “Resonant circuit model and design for a high frequency high voltage switched-mode power supply,” in 10th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP), Bonito, 2009.
Doi: 10.1109/COBEP.2009.5347638

[35] J. P. Bonaldo, Power Converter Feeding Ozone Generation Cells (in Portuguese), Campinas, SP: Unicamp, 2010.

[36] J. Rocabert, M. M. Dumenjo, J. Bordonau and J. A. B. Jimenez, “A regenerative active clamp circuit for DC/AC converters with high-frequency isolation in photovoltaic systems,” IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2082-2088, 2004.
Doi: 10.1109/PESC.2004.1355439

[37] F. Tsai and F. C. Lee, “A complete dc characterization of a constant-frequency, clamped-mode, series-resonant converter,” in IEEE 19th Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Kyoto, 1988.
Doi: 10.1109/PESC.1988.18234

[38] S. Bhadra, D. Grogory and H. Pitangia, “An analytical solution of switching angles for Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) in a cascaded seven level inverter,” in IEEE 2nd Southern Power Electronics Conference, Auckland, 2016.
Doi: 10.1109/SPEC.2016.7846158

[39] M. S. A. Dahidah, G. Konstantinou and V. G. Agelidis, “A Review of Multilevel Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM: Formulations, Solving Algorithms, Implementation and Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 4091-4106, 2015.
Doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2355226

[40] N. V. Kumar, V. K. Chinnaiyan, M. Pradish and M. S. Divekar, “Selective harmonic elimination: An comparative analysis for seven level inverter,” in IEEE Students’ Technology Symposium (TechSym), Kharagpur, 2016.
Doi: 10.1109/TechSym.2016.7872674

[41] C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 5th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013.

[42] E. M. Stein and R. Shakarchi, Princeton Lectures in Analysis I Fourier Analysis An introduction, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Seja um
Associado

A afiliação à SOBRAEP permite aos sócios (Efetivos, Aspirantes e Corporativos) acesso completo ao site da SOBRAEP e descontos em inscrições de alguns congressos da área, além da participação nos Webinars promovidos pela associação. Também existem três tipos de patrocínio disponíveis para o site/COBEP.